Prior to beginning the research process, the fellow will spend time in their first summer in a boot camp workshop as well as several individualized meetings with Dr. Hampanda, Associate Director of Research for PAG, to develop the fundamentals of research knowledge.  The workshop and meetings will provide fellows with fundamental training in research design and introduce them to statistical analysis, manuscript writing, research ethics, and grant writing. PAG fellows will also have the opportunity to participate in the Division of Reproductive Science’s Summer Grant Writing Course at no cost. The fellow will then be introduced to active research projects within the PAG Section and invited to join an active research proiect.

In addition to engaging in active research studies, the fellow will be required to develop a novel research project.  Our division has an operationalized research workflow to support the timely and successful completion of these research projects (Figure 1 below). At an initial meeting with the fellow, mentoring PI and Sr. PRA, new research ideas will be discussed. At this initial meeting, research ideas will be developed and strengthened, action items for project milestones defined, and roles and responsibilities identified for each stage of the project, as detailed below.

• Pre-Submission & COMIRB Review  
  During the pre-submission phase, the fellow and Sr. PRA will work together to develop a draft study protocol. The goal at this stage is to construct specific aims, identify primary/secondary outcomes, and refine the study design and methodology. Feedback will be provided by the mentoring Primary Investigator (PI) throughout the drafting process. Depending on the scope and complexity of the project, the team may consult with additional support personnel, including ROCS and Ob/Gyn departmental research advisors, for additional feedback. Once the protocol has undergone several rounds of peer-review and revision, the Sr. PRA will facilitate the Colorado Multiple Institutional Review Board (COMIRB) submission for the finalized protocol and appropriate regulatory documents. 
  
• Approved Study  
  Once the study has been approved by COMIRB and is open to accrual, the fellow and Sr. PRA will work together for subject recruitment and consenting, data collection, administrative tasks, and monitoring of project progression. Project check-ins will be scheduled at regular intervals with the immediate study team, including the mentoring PI. Monthly PAG Research meetings also serve as a platform to present project updates, troubleshoot issues, and discuss new ideas with all PAG investigators.
   
• Study Closeout  
  At the end of the data collection phase, the fellow and PRA will work together to finalize the dataset and begin statistical analysis. The fellow will work with ROCS or departmental statisticians for analytical support. Results will be shared with the PAG team at a monthly research meeting, where journals for publication or opportunities to present the data at local or international research conferences will be identified. The fellow will work closely with the PI-mentor, PRA, and ROCS or departmental support personnel throughout the publication process, including manuscript drafting and submission. 

Figure 1.

Research Publications from PAG Section in Past 5 Years

1. Christl J, Alaniz V, Appiah L, Buyers E, Scott S, Huguelet PS. Vulvar aphthous ulcer in an adolescent with COVID-19. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol, Accepted Jan 2021.
2. Moyer G, Huguelet P. Iron deficient anemia may obscure a diagnosis of low VWF, VWD or mild hemophilia A in biological females with heavy menstrual bleeding. Blood 2020; 136 (Supplement 1): 32-33. doi: https://doi.org/10.blood-2020-138697.
3. Moyer G, Huguelet PS. A comparison of scores from the ISTH-BAT and Self-BAT in adolescent biological females with heavy menstrual bleeding. Blood 2020; 136 (Supplement 1): 37-38. doi: https:////doi.org/10/1182/blood-2020-138693.
4. Huguelet PS, Alaniz VI, Dolinko A, Karjane N, Ibraham M, Wheeler C, Guiahi M. Impact of a Pediatric Gynecology eLearning Module: A Multi-Institutional Randomized Controlled Trial. Obstet Gynecol 2020;136(5):987-84. PMID 33030868.
5. Huguelet PS, Olson E, Sass, A, Bartz S, Hsu S, Barker S, Cee-Green M. Application of a Standard Cross-Specialty Workup for Diagnosis and Metabolic Screening of Obese Adolescents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Adol Health. Published online Aug 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.008. PMID 32819830.
6. Brodie KE, Grantham EC, Caldwell BT, Buyers E, Alaniz V, Scott S, Wilcox DT, Huguelet P. A study of adolescent female genitalia: what is normal? J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2019;32:27. PMID 30244193.
7. Huguelet PS, Abraham M, ChelvaKumar G, Connor L, Dumont T, Fleming N, Halib T, Karjane N, Teelin K, Wheeler C, Kaul P. Improving resident knowledge in pediatric and adolescent gynecology utilizing the short curriculum from the North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2018;31:4. PMID 29499376.
8. Talib HJ, MD, Karjane, MD, Teelin K, Abraham M, Holt S, Chelvakumar G, Dumont T, Huguelet PS, Conner L, Wheeler C, Fleming N. Resident education in pediatric and adolescent gynecology: The Short Curriculum 2.0. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2018;31:2. PMID 29566846.
9. Wheeler C, Browner-Elhanan KJ, Evans Y, Fleming N, Huguelet PS, Karjane N, Loveless M, Talib H, Wheeler C, Kaul P. Creation and Dissemination of a Multispecialty GME Curriculum in Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. The NASPAG Resident Education Committee Experiences. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2018;31:3. PMID 28919148.
10. Huguelet PS, Palacios-Helgeson, Guiahi M, Learman L. Development and evaluation of an elearning module on the pre-pubertal exam and vaginoscopy for Ob-Gyn residents. Obstet Gynecol. 2017;130:57S.
11. Webster K, Scott S, Huguelet PS. Clinical predictors of isolated tubal torsion in adolescents. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2017;30:578-81. PMID 28571941
12. Brown RJ, Petit JH, Widdel L, Huguelet PS, Weekes C. Metastatic papillary adenocarcinoma in a 22-year-old: is her history of Mayer Rokitansky Kuster Hauser Syndrome causative or incidental? Oncology. 2016;15:30, PMID 27987200.
13. Huguelet PS, Spitzer R, Hoyle C, Scott S. Use of the levonorgestrel 52mg intrauterine system in adolescent and young adult solid-organ transplant recipients: a case series. Contraception. 2017 Apr;95(4):378-81, PMID 27940059.
14. Scaparotti A, Huguelet PS. It’s not just a skin tag: infantile pyramidal perianal protrusion. J Pediatr. 2017 Feb;181:321-321.e1, PMID 27839702.
15. Huguelet PS, Browner-Elhanan KJ, Evans Y, Fleming N, Karjane N, Loveless M, Talib H, Titchen K, Wheeler C, Kaul P. Poster Presentation. Does the North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology short curriculum increase resident knowledge in pediatric and adolescent gynecology? J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2016 Dec;29(6):623-7, PMID 27216709.
16. Huguelet PS, Buyers E, Lange-Liss J, Scott S. Treatment of acute abnormal uterine bleeding in the adolescent: what are providers doing in various specialties? J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2016;29:286-91. PMID 26612118.
17. Brodie KE, Grantham EC, Huguelet PS, Caldwell BT, Westfall NJ, Wilcox DT. Study of clitoral hood anatomy in the pediatric population. J Pediatr Urol. 2016 Jun;12(3):177.31-5. PMID 26851151.
18. Bischoff A, Trecartin A, Alaniz V, Hecht S, Wilcox DT, Peña. A cloacal anomaly is not a disorder of sex development. Pediatr Surg Int. 2019 35;985-7. PMID 31256297.
19. Alaniz VI, Kobernik EK, George JS, Smith YR, Quint EH. Comparison of short duration and chronic pre-menarchal vulvar complaints. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2021 Apr; 34:130-4.
20. Bischoff A, Alaniz V, Trecartin A, Peña. Vaginal reconstruction for distal vaginal atresia without anorectal malformation: is the approach different? Pediatr Surg Int. 2019 Sept;35:963-6.
21. Alaniz VI, Jeudy M, Pearlman M, Quint EH. Galactocele in a prepubertal girl. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2017 Aug;30:499-500.
22. Underwood P, Huguelet PS, Bauer J, Alaniz V. Delayed diagnosis of microperforate hymen leading to urethral dilation secondary to coital activity. Obstet Gynecol 2019;133:503. PMID 30741808.
23. Alaniz VI, Rosen M, Mohr B, Markman L, Quint EH. 4-year-old-girl, genital discomfort and dysuria, clitoral hood swelling, blood blister on the labia, diagnosis? J Fam Pract 2019. Jun;68:E8-E10.
24. Rosen MW, Alaniz VI, Kobernik EK, Booms S, Smith YR, Quint EH. Pediatric resident training in prepubertal vulvar conditions. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2018. Feb:31:7-12.
25. Acker S, Peña, Wilcox D, Alaniz V, Bischoff A. Transition of care: a growing concern in adult patients born with colorectal anomalies. Pediatr Surg Int. 2019 Feb;35:233-7.
26. Granados A, Alaniz VI, Mohnach L, Barseghyan H, Vilain E, Orster H, Quint EH, Chen M, Keegan CE. MAP3K1-related gonadal-dysgenesis: six new cases and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2017 Jun;175:253-9.
27. Pitotti J, Alaniz VI, Teal S, Tocce K. Transverse vaginal septum identified in a patient request second trimester abortion: a case report. Contraception 2017 Nov;96:378-9.
28. Ashby A, Ranadive N, Alaniz V, St.John-Larkin C, Scott S. Implications of comprehensive mental health services embedded in an adolescent obstetric home. Maternal Child Health J. 2016 Jun;20:1258-65.
29. Alaniz VI, Wilcox DT, Arnold M, Bodmer JL, de la Torre L, Peña A, Bischoff A. Neovaginal stricture complicated by high-grade dysplasia in a patient with history of cloaca and ulcerative colitis: a case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Surg Int. 2021 Apr;37:491-4.
30. Alaniz VI, Kobernik EK, Dillman J, Quint EH. Utility of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with disorders of sex development who undergo prophylactic gonadectomy. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2016 Dec;29:577-81.
31. Gibson ME, Alaniz VI, Coble C, Dumont T, Howell JO, Karjane NW, Lawson AA, Nur M, Parks M, Teelin KL, Thieu HT, Romano M. Resident Education Curriculum in Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology: The Short Curriculum 3.0. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2021 Mar;4:S1083-3188.
32. Richards MJ, Buyers E. Update on adolescent contraception. Adv Pediatr 2016; Aug 63:429-51.
33. Davis SM, Soares K, Howell S, Cee-Green M, Buyers E, Johnson J, Tartaglia NR. Diminished ovarian reserve in girls and adolescents with Trisomy-X syndrome. Reprod Sci 2020 Nov;27:1985-91.
34. Buyers E, Sass AE, Severn CD, Pyle L, Cee-Green M. Twelve-month continuation of the etonorgestrel implant in adolescent with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2021 Feb;34:33-9.
35. A View from the past into our collective future: the Oncofertility consortium vision statement. Woodruff TK, Ataman-Millhouse L, Acharya KS, Almeida-Santos T, Anazodo A, Anderson RA, Appiah L, et al [118], Zelinski M. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021 Jan 6.
36. Hutchcraft ML, McCracken K, Whiteside S, Lustberg M, Lindheim SR, Nahata L, Appiah LC. Current Fertility Preservation Options for Female Patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2020 Nov;75(11):683-691.
37. Rushing J, Appiah L, Polotsky A, Murray S, Roeca C. Ovarian Stimulation for Fertility Preservation in an Oncology Patient with Etonogestrel Implant in Place. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021 Feb;38(2):513-516.
38. Appiah LC. Fertility Preservation for Adolescents Receiving Cancer Therapies. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2020 Sep; 63:574-587.
39. Nahata, L, Woodruff TK, Quinn GP, Meacham LR, Chen D, Appiah LC, Finlayson C, Orwig KE, Laronda MM, Rowell, EE, Anazodo A, Frias O, Rios JS, Whiteside S, Gomez-Lobo V, Dwiggins M, Childress KJ, Hoefgen HR, Levine JM, Jayasinghe Y, Moravek MJ. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation as standard of care: what does this mean for pediatric populations? Assist Reprod Genet 2020 May 11.
40. Nahata L, Gomez-Lobo V, Meacham L, Appiah L, Childress K, Hoefgen H, Dwiggins M, Whiteside S, Bjornard K, Rios J, Anazodo A, Finlayson C, Frias O, Woodruff T, Moravek M. 2019 Pediatric Initiative Network: Progress, Proceedings, and Plans. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2020 Aug; 9(4):457-463
41. Sopfe J, Gupta A, Appiah LC, Chow EJ, Peterson PN. Sexual Dysfunction in Adolescent and Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: Presentation, Risk Factors, and Evaluation of an Underdiagnosed Late Effect: A Narrative Review. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol. 2020 May 7.
42. Anazodo A, Laws P, Logan S, Saunders C, Travaglia J, Gerstl B, Bradford N, Cohn R, Birdsall M, Barr R, Suzuki N, Takae S, Marinho R, Xiao S, Chen QH, Mahajan N, Patil M, Gunasheela D, Smith K, Sender L, Melo C, Almeida-Santos T, Salama M, Appiah L, Su I, Lane S, Woodruff TK, Pacey A, Anderson RA, Shenfield F, Sullivan E, Ledger W. The Development of an International Oncofertility Competency Framework: A Model to Increase Oncofertility Implementation. Oncologist 2019 12; 24(12):e1450-e1459.
43. Anazado A, Laws P, Logan S, Saunders C, Travaglia J, Gerstl B, [and 17 others], Appiah L, Su I, Lane S, Woodruff TK, Pacey A, Anderson RA, Shenfied RM, Ledger W, Sullivan E. How can we improve oncofertility care for patients? A systematic scoping review of current international practice and models of care. Human Reproduction Update 2019 Mar 1;25(2):159-179.
44. Moravek M, Appiah LC, Anazado A, Burns K, Gomez-Lobo V, Hoefgen H, [and 8 others], Woodruff TK, Nahata L. Development of a Pediatric Fertility Preservation Program: A Consensus Report from the Pediatric Initiative Network of the Oncofertility Consortium. J Adolesc Health. 2019 May;64(5):563-573.
45. Smith B, Duncan FE, Atman L, Smith K, Quinn GP, Change RJ, Finlayson C, [and 13 others] Appiah LC, [and 45 others], Mersereau JE, March C, Pavone ME, Woodruff. The National Physicians Cooperative: transforming fertility management in the cancer setting and beyond. Future Oncol 2018 Dec;14(29):3059-3072. 26.
46. Maggie Dwiggins, MD, Veronica Gomez-Lobo, MD, Leena Nahata, MD, Molly B. Moravek, MD, Holly Hoefgen, MD, Tara Schafer-Kalkhoff, MA, Teresa Woodruff, PhD, Leslie Appiah, MD. Ongoing Review of Clinical Outcomes Following Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation for Fertility Preservation. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol, April 2018;31(2):165-168.
47. Appiah Ayensu L Kemara S, Long A. Adolescent Pelvic Pain: Diagnostic and Management Strategies to Optimize Reproductive Health. J Pain Management 2016; 9(2):00-00.
48. Kleiber BV, Felder, JN, Ashby B, Scott S, Dean J, Dimidjian S. Treating Depression Among Adolescent Perinatal Women With a Dialectical Behavior Therapy—Informed Skills Group. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice (2017) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2016.12.002
49. Ashby B, Scott S, Lakatos PP. Infant Mental Health in Prenatal Care. Newborn and Infant Nursing Reviews 16(4):264-268, 2016
50. Ehmer, A, Ashby B, Scott SM. Trauma-Informed Care in a Patient-Centered Medical Home for Adolescent Mothers and Their Children. Psychological Services, 2019 Feb;16(1):67-74. PubMed PMID: 30475045
51. Rodriguez, C. E., Sheeder, J., Allshouse, A. A., Scott SM, Wymore, E., Hopfer, C., ... & Metz, T. D. (2019). Marijuana use in young mothers and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 126(12): 1491-1497.
52. Shomaker, L.B., Gulley, L.D., Clark, E.L., Hilkin, A.M., Pivarunas, B., Tanofsky-Kraff, M., Nadeau, K.J., Barbour, L.A., Scott, SM and Sheeder, J.L., 2020. Protocol for a pilot randomized controlled feasibility study of brief interpersonal psychotherapy for addressing social-emotional needs and preventing excess gestational weight gain in adolescents. Pilot and feasibility studies; 6(1):1-14.
53. Ross, M. E., Scott SM., Behbakht, K., & Harper, T. (2020). Spontaneous dichorionic-diamniotic twins in a noncommunicating uterine horn: A case report. Case reports in women's health; 26: e00177.
54. Clark, ELM, Gulley, LD, Hilkin, AM, Rockette-Wagner, B, Leech, HJ, Lucas-Thompson, RG, Tanofsky-Kraff, M, Nadeau, KJ, Scott SM, Sheeder, JL, Shomaker, LB, (2021) Feasibility and Acceptability of Accelerometer Measurement of Physical Activity in Pregnant Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, In Press January 2021.