Topic 1


Synthetic Peptide Vaccines for Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses

I have developed an extremely simple, innovative, and robust platform technology to present α-helical epitopes from native proteins to the immune system such that the resulting conformation-specific antibodies bind to the native protein target. This procedure involves a process called templating where the helical sequence of interest is inserted into a parallel two-stranded α-helical coiled-coil and disulfide-bridged template which maintains the native helical conformation of the epitope, presents all the surface-exposed residues of the α-helix in the native protein, and optimizes stability of the immunogen.

Viruses that enter cells using Class 1 Viral Fusion Proteins such as Ebola, Influenza A, Respiratory Syncytial Virus and coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are ideal targets for this technology. The stem domains of the fusion glycoproteins of these diverse viruses share a common coiled-coil structure that must be triggered to undergo a massive conformational change in order to induce fusion of the virus envelope with host cell membranes and initiate virus infections in vitro and in vivo. Our templated, two-stranded immunogens elicited stem targeted, virus neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV and the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza A.

We have shown that passive administration of rabbit antibodies to a selected immunogen can protect mice against death after intranasal challenge with influenza A. This antibody also recognizes purified HA proteins from different influenza subtypes, suggesting that this stem-targeted immunogen may serve as a “universal” influenza vaccine that can protect against multiple subtypes.

This research is the result of an accumulation of an extensive body of published work on de novo design of coiled-coil proteins from my laboratory. Selected publications are listed.

Jiang, Z., L. Gera, C.T. Mant and R.S. Hodges. Antibody cross-reactivity to hemagglutinin protein antigens demonstrates feasibility for development of a “Universal” Influenza A synthetic peptide vaccine. In Enabling Peptide Research from Basic Research to Drug Discovery, Proceedings of the 24th American Peptide Symposium, Orlando, FL (V. Srivastava, A. Yudin and M. Lebl, editors) pp. 36-39 (2015). Published by the American Peptide Society and Propt Scientific Publishing, 2015.

Yan, Z., W.J. Hartsock, Z. Qian, K.V. Holmes and R.S. Hodges. Strategies for designing peptide immunogens to elicit α-helical conformation specific antibodies reactive with native proteins. In “Small Wonders: Peptides for Disease Control” (K. Rajasekaran, J.W. Cary and J. Jaynes, Eds.) ACS Symposium Series, Chapter 6, pp. 93-136 (2012).

Tripet, B., D. Kao, S. Jeffers, K. Holmes and R.S. Hodges. Template-based Coiled-coil antigens elicit neutralizing antibodies to the SARS-Coronavirus. J. Structural Biology 155: 176-194 (2006).

Tripet, B., M.W. Howard, M. Jobling, R.K. Holmes, K.V. Holmes, and R.S. Hodges. Structural characterization of the SARS-Coronavirus Spike Fusion Protein Core. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 20836-20849 (2004).​​

Development of Synthetic Peptide Anti-adhesion Bacterial Vaccine for Prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) Bacterial infections

I have determined the key adhesin for the attachment of PA to the epithelial cell surface and identified the receptor binding domain as a 17-residue region of the pilin protein. Antibodies to the receptor binding domain (RBD) block adherence of the organism and provide protection against PA in animal models.

We have determined the three-dimensional structures of the receptor binding domains from multiple strains of PA and shown that though sequences vary substantially from one strain to another, there is a common structural motif.

We have shown that a synthetic peptide vaccine is superior to a pilin protein-based vaccine. Using a rational design approach, we have developed a single 17-residue peptide immunogen that generates antibodies that target the RBD of more than one strain of PA.

My present goal is to design a consensus sequence immunogen that will provide maximum antibody cross-reactivity and affinity to all known strains of PA.

Selected publications are listed.

Hartsock, W.J., C. Hackbarth and R.S. Hodges. Antiadhesion synthetic consensus sequence peptide-based vaccines for Pseudmonas aeruginosa. In Handbook of Biologically Active Peptides, 2nd edition, (A.J. Kastin, Editor in Chief) Chapter 77, pp. 563-570 (2013).

Hackbarth, C. and R.S. Hodges. Synthetic Peptide Vaccine Development: Designing Dual Epitopes into a Single Pilin Peptide Immunogen Generates Antibody Cross-reactivity between Two Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chem. Biol. & Drug Design 76: 293-304 (2010). (Journal Cover Figure) PMC2949483 PMID20807222

Kao, D. and R.S. Hodges. Advantages of a synthetic peptide immunogen over a protein immunogen in the development of an anti-pilus vaccine for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chem. Biol. and Drug Design 74: 33-42 (2009). PMC2756486 PMID19519742

Kao, D., M.E. Churchill, R.T. Irvin and R.S. Hodges. Animal protection and structural studies of a consensus sequence vaccine targeting the receptor binding domain of the type IV pilus of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Mol. Biol.374: 426-442 (2007). PMC3493149 PMID17936788​

Publications

2015-2019

  1. Jiang, Z., L. Gera, C.T. Mant, B. Hirsch, Z. Yan, J. Shortt, D.D. Pollock Z. Qian, K. Holmes and R.S. Hodges. Platform technology to generate broadly cross-reactive antibodies to α-helical epitopes in hemagglutinin proteins from Influenza A viruses. Biopolymers Peptide Science 106: 144-159 (2016)

2010-2014

  1. Hartsock, W.J., C. Hackbarth and R.S. Hodges. Antiadhesion synthetic consensus sequence peptide-based vaccines for Pseudmonas aeruginosa. In Handbook of Biologically Active Peptides, 2nd edition, (A.J. Kastin, Editor in Chief) Chapter 77, pp. 563-570 (2013)
  2. Yan, Z., W.J. Hartsock, Z. Qian, K.V. Holmes and R.S. Hodges. Strategies for designing peptide immunogens to elicit α-helical conformation specific antibodies reactive with native proteins. In “Small Wonders: Peptides for Disease Control” (K. Rajasekaran, J.W. Cary and J. Jaynes, Eds.) ACS Symposium Series, Chapter 6, pp. 93-136 (2012)
  3. Hackbarth, C. and R.S. Hodges. Synthetic Peptide Vaccine Development: Designing Dual Epitopes into a Single Pilin Peptide Immunogen Generates Antibody Cross-reactivity between Two Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chem. Biol. & Drug Design 76: 293-304 (2010). (Journal Cover Figure)​

2005-2009

  1. Kao, D. and R.S. Hodges. Advantages of a synthetic peptide immunogen over a protein immunogen in the development of an anti-pilus vaccine for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chemical Biology and Drug Design 74: 33-42 (2009).
  2. Pimentel, T.A.P.F., Z. Yan, S.A. Jeffers, K.V. Holmes, R.S. Hodges and P. Burkhard. Peptide nanoparticles as novel immunogens: Design and analysis of a prototypic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome vaccine. Chem. Biol. Drug Design 73: 53-61 (2009).
  3. Yu, B., E. Davis, R.S. Hodges, R.T. Irvin and D.Y. Li. Surface nanocrystallization of stainless steel for reduced biofilm adherence. Nanotechnology 19 (doi: 335101) 8 pp. (2008).
  4. Yu, B., C.L. Giltner, E.J. van Schaik, D.L. Bautista, R.S. Hodges, G.F. Audette, D.Y. Li, and R.T. Irvin. A noval biometallic interface: High affinity tip-associated binding by pilin-derived protein nanotubes. J. Bionanoscience 1: 73-83 (2007).
  5. Kao, D., M.E. Churchill, R.T. Irvin and R.S. Hodges. Animal protection and structural studies of a consensus sequence vaccine targeting the receptor binding domain of the type IV pilus of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Mol. Biol. 374: 426-442 (2007).
  6. Howard, M.W., B. Tripet, M.G. Jobling, R.K. Holmes, K.V. Holmes and R.S. Hodges. Dissection of the fusion machine of SARS-coronavirus Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 581:319-322 (2006).
  7. Yan, Z., B. Tripet and R.S. Hodges. Biophysical Characterization of HRC Peptide Analogs Interaction with Heptad Repeat Regions of the SARS-Coronavirus Spike Fusion Protein Core. J. Structural Biology 155: 162-175 (2006).
  8. Tripet, B., D. Kao, S. Jeffers, K. Holmes and R.S. Hodges. Template-based Coiled-coil antigens elicit neutralizing antibodies to the SARS-Coronavirus. J. Structural Biology 155: 176-194 (2006).
  9. Helmke, S.M., S.M. Lu, M. Harmon, J.W. Glasford, T.D. Larsen, S.C. Kwok, R.S. Hodges and M.B. Perryman. Myotonic dystrophy protein kinase monoclonal antibody generation from a coiled-coil template. J. Mol. Recognition 19: 215-226 (2006).
  10. Kao, D., and R.S. Hodges. Anti-adhesin synthetic peptide consensus sequence vaccine and antibody therapeutic for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In Handbook of Biologically Active Peptides (A.J. Kastin, Ed.) Elsevier Press, Chapter 73, pp. 507-514 (2006).
  11. Giltner, C.L., E.J. Van Schaik, G.F. Audette, D. Kao, R.S. Hodges, D.J. Hassett and R.T. Irvin. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type IV Pilin Receptor Binding Domain Functions as an Adhesin for binding to both biotic and abiotic surfaces. Molecular Microbiology 59: 1083-1096 (2006).
  12. Ramon, S.K., D. Kao, D. Tropel, A. Graff, G. Machaidze, R.S. Hodges and P. Burkhard. Peptide based nanoparticles as a platform for vaccine design. Nanotech 2005 Vol. 1 Chapter 2: Medical Applications pp. 47-50.

2000-2004

  1. Tripet, B., M.W. Howard, M. Jobling, R.K. Holmes, K.V. Holmes, and R.S. Hodges. Structural characterization of the SARS-Coronavirus Spike Fusion Protein Core. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 20836-20849 (2004).
  2. Cachia, P.J., D. Kao and R.S. Hodges. Synthetic peptide vaccine development: Measurement of polyclonal antibody affinity and cross-reactivity using a new peptide capture and release system for surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. J. Mol. Recognition 17: 540-557 (2004).
  3. Cachia, P.J. and R.S. Hodges. Synthetic peptide vaccine and antibody therapeutic development: Prevention and treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Peptide Science (Biopolymers) 71: 141-168 (2003).
  4. Lu, S.M. and R.S. Hodges. A de novo designed template for generating conformation specific antibodies which recognize a-helices in proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 23515-23524 (2002).
  5. Sokol, P.A., C. Kooi, R.S. Hodges, P. Cachia and D.E. Woods. Immunization with a Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase peptide reduces severity of experimental lung infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Busrkholderi cerpacia. J. Infectious Diseases 181: 1682-1692 (2000).

1995-1999

  1. Collinson, S.K., J.M.R. Parker, R.S. Hodges, W.W. Kay. Models of the AgfA Fimbrin Subunit of Salmonella Thin Aggregative Fimbriae. J. Mol. Biol. 290: 741-756 (1999).
  2. Cachia, P.J., L.M.G. Glasier, R.R.W. Hodgins, W.Y. Wong, R.T. Irvin and R.S. Hodges. The use of synthetic peptides in the design of a consensus sequence vaccine for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Peptide Research 52: 289-299 (1998).
  3. Bishop, R.E., B.K. Leskiw, R.S. Hodges, C.M. Kay and J.H. Weiner. The entericidin locus governs stationary phase autolysis of Escherichia coli and its implications for programmed bacterial cell death. J. Mol. Biol 280: 583-596 (1998).
  4. Jones, D.H., R.S. Hodges, R.A. Barber and C.W.M. Grant. Pilin C-terminal peptide binds Asialo-GM, in liposomes: a 2H NMR study. Protein Science 6 2459-2461 (1997).
  5. Campbell, A.P., D.L. Bautista, B. Tripet, W.Y. Wong, R.T. Irvin, R.S. Hodges and B.D. Sykes. Solution Secondary Structure of a Bacterially Expressed Peptide from the Receptor Binding Domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pili Strain PAK: a Heteronuclear Multidimensional NMR Study. Biochem. 36: 12791-12801 (1997).
  6. Campbell, A.P., W.Y. Wong, M.E. Houston, Jr., F. Schweizer, P.J. Cachia, R.T. Irvin, O. Hindsgual, R.S. Hodges and B.D. Sykes. Interaction of the receptor binding domains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pili strains PAK, PAO, KB7 and P1 to a cross-reactive antibody and receptor analog: Implications for synthetic vaccine design. J. Mol. Biol. 267: 382-402 (1997).
  7. Kooi, C., R.S. Hodges and P.A. Sokol. Identification of neutralizing epitopes on and effects of cross-reactions on other thermolysin-like proteases. Infect. Immun. 65: 472-477 (1997).
  8. Lee, K.K., L. Yu, D.L. Macdonald, W. Paranchych, R.S. Hodges and R.T. Irvin. Anti-adhesin antibodies that recognize a receptor-binding motif (adhesintope) inhibit pilus/fimbrial-mediated adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans to asialo-GM, receptors and human buccal epithelial cell surface receptors. Can. J. Micro. 42: 479-486 (1996).
  9. Campbell, A.P., H.B. Sheth, R.S. Hodges and B.D. Sykes. NMR solution structure of the receptor binding domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pili strain P1: Identification of a β-turn. Int. J. Pept. Pro. Res. 48: 539-552 (1996).
  10. Yu, L., K.K. Lee, W. Paranchych, R.S. Hodges and R.T. Irvin. Use of synthetic peptides to confirm that the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAK pilus adhesin and the Candida albicans fimbrial adhesin possess a homologous receptor-binding domain. Molecular Microbiology 19: 1107-1116 (1996).
  11. Campbell, A.P., C. McInnes, R.S. Hodges and B.D. Sykes. Comparison of NMR solution structures of the receptor binding domains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pili strains PAO, KB7, and PAK: Implications for receptor binding and synthetic vaccine design. Biochemistry 34: 16255-16268 (1995).
  12. Wong, W.Y., A.P. Campbell, C. McInnes, B.D. Sykes, W. Paranchych, R.T. Irvin and R.S. Hodges. Structure-function analysis of the adherence-binding domain on the pilin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAK and KB7. Biochemistry 34: 12963-12972 (1995).
  13. Sheth, H.B., L.M.G. Glasier, N.W. Ellert, P. Cachia, W. Kohn, K.K. Lee, W. Paranchych, R.S. Hodges and R.T. Irvin. Development of an anti-adhesive vaccine for Pseudomonas aeruginosa targeting the C-terminal of the pilin structural protein. Biomedical Peptides, Proteins and Nucleic Acids 1: 141-148 (1995).
  14. Lee, K.K., W.Y. Wong, H.B. Sheth, R.S. Hodges, W. Paranchych and R.T. Irvin. Use of synthetic peptides in characterization of microbiol adhesins. Methods in Enzymology 253: 115-131 (1995).

1990-1994

  1. Yu, L., K.K. Lee, R.S. Hodges, W. Paranchych and R.T. Irvin. Adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans to glycosphingolipid (asialo-GM1) receptors is achieved by a conserved receptor-binding domain present on their adhesins. Infect. Immun. 62: 5213-5219 (1994).
  2. Wong, W.Y., H.B. Sheth, R.T. Irvin and R.S. Hodges. Enhancing strain cross-reactivity of a synthetic peptide vaccine for pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pediatric Pulmonology Supplement 10: 157-158 (1994).
  3. Wong, W.Y., H.B. Sheth, A. Holm, R.S. Hodges and R.T. Irvin. Representative Combinatorial Peptide Libraries: An approach to reduce both synthesis and screening effort. In "Generation and Selection of Random Arrays of Peptides" (Ed. P. Strop), as part of Methods: A companion to Methods in Enzymology (J.N. Albelson and M.I. Simon [Eds-in-Chief], Academic Press) 6: 404-410 (1994).
  4. McInnes, C., C.M. Kay, R.S. Hodges and B.D. Sykes. Conformation of differences between cis and trans proline isomers of a peptide antigen representing the receptor binding domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as studied by 1HNMR. Biopolymers 34: 1221-1230 (1994).
  5. Yu, L., K.K. Lee, H.B. Sheth, P. Lane-Bell, G. Srivastava, O. Hindsgual, W. Paranchych, R.S. Hodges and R.T. Irvin. Fimbrial-mediated adherence of candida albicans to glycosphingolipid receptors on human buccal epithelial cells. Infect. Immun. 62: 2843-2848 (1994).
  6. Yu, L., K.K. Lee, K. Ens, P.C. Doig, M.R. Carpenter, R.S. Hodges, W. Paranchych and R.T. Irvin. Partial characterization of a candida albicans fimbrial adhesin. Infect. Immun. 62: 2834-2842 (1994).
  7. Sheth, H.B., K.K. Lee, W.Y. Wong, G. Srivastava, O. Hindsgual, R.S. Hodges, W. Paranchych and R.T. Irvin. The pili of pseudomonas aeruginosa strains PAK and PAO bind specifically to the carbohydrate sequence β-Gal NAc (1-4) β-Gal found in glycolipids asialo-GM1 and asialo-GM2. Molecular Microbiology 11: 715-723 (1994).
  8. Lee, K.K., H.B. Sheth, W.Y. Wong, R. Shelburne, W. Paranchych, R.S. Hodges, C.A. Lingwood, H. Krivan and R.T. Irvin. The binding of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pili to glycosphingolipids is a tip-associated event involving the C-terminal region of the structural pilin subunit. Molecular Microbiology 11: 705-713 (1994).
  9. McInnes, C., F.D. Sonnichsen, C.M. Kay, R.S. Hodges and B.D. Sykes. NMR solution structure and flexibility of a peptide antigen representing the receptor binding domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biochemistry 32: 13432-13440 (1993).
  10. Murphy, R.A., A. Acheson, R.S. Hodges, J. Haskins, C. Richards, E. Reklow, V. Chlumechy, P.A. Barker, R.F. Alderson and R.M. Lindsay. Immunological relationships of NGF, BDNF and NT-3: Functional inhibition by antibodies to NGF and NGF peptides. J. Neuroscience 13: 2853-2862 (1993).
  11. Wong, W.Y., R.T. Irvin, W. Paranchych and R.S. Hodges. Antigen-antibody interactions: Elucidation of the epitope and strain-specificity of a monoclonal antibody directed against the pilin protein adherence binding domain of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strain K. Protein Science 1: 1308-1318 (1992).
  12. Parker, J.M.R. and R.S. Hodges. Prediction of surface and interior regions in proteins - Part 2: Predicting secondary structure in regions bound by surface exposed regions. Peptide Research, 4: 355-363 (1991).
  13. Parker, J.M.R. and R.S. Hodges. Prediction of surface and interior regions in proteins - Part I: Linear tripeptide sequences identify structural boundaries in proteins. Peptide Research , 4: 347-354 (1991).
  14. Zubrzycka-Gaarn, E.E., O.F. Hutter, G. Karpati, H.J. Klamut, D.E. Bulman, R.S. Hodges, R.G. Worton and P.N. Ray. Dystrophin is tightly associated with the sarcolemma of mammalian skeletal muscle fibres. Experimental Cell Research 192: 278-288 (1991).
  15. Lee, K.K., W. Paranchych and R.S. Hodges. Crossreactive and strain-specific antipeptide antibodies to Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAK and PAO pili. Infection and Immunity 58: 2727-2732 (1990).
  16. Kohl, S., N.C.J. Strynadka, R.S. Hodges and L. Pereira. Analysis of the role of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic antibody activity in murine neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus infection with antibodies to synthetic peptides of glycoprotein D and monoclonal antibodies to glycoprotein B. J. Clinical Investigation 86: 273-278 (1990).
  17. Doig, P., P.A. Sastry, R.S. Hodges, K.K. Lee, W. Paranchych and R.T. Irvin. Inhibition of pilus mediated adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to human buccal epithelial cells by monoclonal antibodies directed against pili. Infect. Immun. 58: 124-130 (1990).

1985-1989

  1. Lee, K.K., P. Doig, R.T. Irvin, W. Paranchych and R.S. Hodges. Mapping the surface of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAK pilin: The importance of the C-terminal region for adherence to human buccal epithelial cells. Molecular Microbiology 3: 1493-1499 (1989).
  2. Irvin, R.T., P. Doig, K.K. Lee, P.A. Sastry, W. Paranchych, T. Todd and R.S. Hodges. Characterization of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa pilus adhesin: Confirmation that the pilin structural protein subunit contains a human epithelial cell binding domain. Infect. Immun. 57: 3720-3726 (1989).
  3. Lee, K.K., P.A. Sastry, W. Paranchych and R.S. Hodges. Immunological studies of the disulfide region of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAK and PAO pilins, using anti-PAK pilus and antipeptide antibodies. Infect. Immun. 57: 520-526 (1989).
  4. Carayanniotis, G., E. Vizi, J.M.R. Parker, R.S. Hodges and B.H. Barber. Delivery of synthetic peptides by anti-class II MHC monoclonal antibodies induces specific adjuvant-free IgG responses elicited in vivo . Mol. Immunology 25: 907-911 (1988)
  5. Hodges, R.S., R.J. Heaton, J.M.R. Parker, L. Molday and R.S. Molday. Antigen-antibody interaction: Synthetic peptides detect linear antigenic determinants for anti-rhodopsin monoclonal antibodies. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 11768-11775 (1988).
  6. Strynadka, N.C.J., M.J. Redmond, J.M.R. Parker, D.G. Scraba and R.S. Hodges. The use of synthetic peptides to map the antigenic determinants of glycoprotein D of Herpes Simplex Virus. J. Virology 62: 3474-3483 (1988).
  7. Doig, P., T. Todd, P.A. Sastry, K.K. Lee, R.S. Hodges, W. Paranchych and R.T. Irvin. The role of pili in the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to human respiratory epithelial cells. Infect. Immun. 56: 1641-1646 (1988).
  8. Zubrzycka-Gaarn, E.E., D.E. Bulman, G. Karpati, A.H.M. Burghes, B. Belfall, H.J. Klamut, J.A. Talbot, R.S. Hodges, P.N. Ray and R.G. Worton. The Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene product is localized in the sarcolemma of human skeletal muscle fibers. Nature (London) 333: 466-469 (1988).
  9. Naquet, P., J. Ellis, D. Tibensky, A. Kenshole, B. Singh, R.S. Hodges and T.L. Delovitch. T cell autoreactivity to insulin in diabetic and related non-diabetic individuals. J. Immunol. 140: 2569-2578 (1988).
  10. Naquet, P., J. Ellis, B. Singh, R.S. Hodges and T.L. Delovitch. Processing and presentation of insulin. I. Analysis of immunogenic peptides and processing requirements for insulin A loop-specific T-cells. J. Immun. 139: 3955-3963 (1987).
  11. Naquet, P., M.L. Phillips, J. Ellis, R. Hodges, B. Singh and T.L. Delovitch. Structural requirements for T cell antigenic sites on insulin. In "Immunogenicity of Protein Antigens: Repertoire and Regulation" Volume I (E. Sercarz and J. Berzofsky, Eds.) CRC Uniscience Series, CRC Press (1987), pp. 49-56.
  12. Naquet, P., J. Ellis, D. Tibensky, A. Kenshole, B. Singh, R.S. Hodges and T.L. Delovitch. Immune response to insulin in Type I diabetes. In "The Immunology of Diabetes Mellitus" (M.A. Jaworski, G.D. Molnar, R.V. Rajotte and B. Singh, Eds.), Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam (1986) pp. 231-239.
  13. Hodges, R.S., J.M.R. Parker and B. Singh. Synthetic antigens in immunology. Immunology in Canada, Supplement to: Immunology Today pp. 16-17, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (1986).
  14. Worobec, E.A., L.S. Frost, P. Pieroni, G.D. Armstrong, R.S. Hodges, J.M.R. Parker, B.B. Finlay and W. Paranchych. The location of the antigenic determinants of conjugative F-like pili J. Bact. 167: 660-665 (1986).
  15. Smith, M.H., J.M.R. Parker, R.S. Hodges and B.H. Barber. The preparation and characterization of heteroantisera recognizing subregions of the intracytoplasmic domain of class I H-2 antigens123. Molecular Immunology 23: 1077-1092 (1986).
  16. Finlay, B.B., L.S. Frost, W. Paranchych, J.M.R. Parker and R.S. Hodges. The major antigenic determinants of F and Col B2 pili. J. Bact. 163: 331-335 (1985).
  17. Parker, J.M.R. and R.S. Hodges. II. Photoaffinity probes provide a general method to prepare peptide conjugates from native protein fragments. J. Protein Chem. 3: 479-489 (1985).
  18. Worobec, E.A., W. Paranchych, J.M.R. Parker, A.K. Taneja and R.S. Hodges. Antigen-antibody interaction: The immunodominant region of EDP208 pili. J. Biol. Chem. 260:938-943 (1985).
  19. Parker, J.M.R. and R.S. Hodges. I. Photoaffinity probes provide a general method to prepare synthetic peptide-conjugates. J. Protein Chem. 3: 465-478 (1985).

1980-1984

  1. Leung, W.-C., A. Ramsingh, G. Jing, K. Mong, A.K. Taneja and R.S. Hodges. Sub-genomic RNA of Arenavirus pichinde and its implication in regulation of viral gene expression in productive infection and persistence. In "Segmented Negative Strand Viruses" (ed. R. Compans and D. Bishop), Academic Press, pp. 109-116 (1984).
  2. Hodges, R.S., J.M.R. Parker, A.K. Taneja, E.A. Worobec and W. Paranchych. Immuno-dominant region of EDP208 pili: Antigen-antibody interaction. In "Modern Approaches to Vaccines: Molecular and Chemical Basis of Virus Virulence and Immunogenicity" (R.M. Chanock and R.A. Lerner, eds.) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, pp. 415-420 (1984).
  3. Parker, J.M.R., S. Bhargava and R.S. Hodges. A general method to prepare synthetic peptide-conjugates. In "Modern Approaches to Vaccines: Molecular and Chemical Basis of Virus Virulence and Immunogenicity" (R.M. Chanock and R.A. Lerner, eds.) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, pp. 133-138 (1984).
  4. Watts, T.H., P.A. Sastry, R.S. Hodges and W. Paranchych. Mapping of the antigenic determinants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAK polar pili. Infect. Imm. 42: 113-121 (1983).
  5. Worobec, E.A., A.K. Taneja, R.S. Hodges and W. Paranchych. Localization of the major antigenic determinant of EDP 208 pili at the N-terminus of the pilus protein. J. Bacteriol. 153: 955-961 (1983).​


Proceedings Publications

2015-2019

  1. Jiang, Z., L. Gera, C.T. Mant and R.S. Hodges. Antibody cross-reactivity to hemagglutinin protein antigens demonstrates feasibility for development of a “Universal” Influenza A synthetic peptide vaccine. In Enabling Peptide Research from Basic Research to Drug Discovery, Proceedings of the 24th American Peptide Symposium, Orlando, FL (V. Srivastava, A. Yudin and M. Lebl, editors) pp. 36-39 (2015). Published by the American Peptide Society and Propt Scientific Publishing, 2015.

2010-2014

  1. Jiang, Z., L. Gera, W. Hartsock, Z. Yan, B. Hirsch, C.T. Mant, Z. Qian, K.V. Holmes, J.P. Kirwan and R.S. Hodges. Platform technology to develop synthetic peptide vaccines to prevent viral infections. In Peptides Across the Pacific, Proceedings of the 23rd American Peptide Symposium, Big Island of Hawaii, USA (M. Lebl, Ed.) pp. 132-133 (2013) Published by the American Peptide Society, 2013.
  2. Hartsock, W.J., Z. Yan and R.S. Hodges. Solid-phase synthesis of a branched peptide to form a homo-two-stranded coiled-coil for the development of a universal flu vaccine. In Peptides: Building Bridges (M. Lebl, Ed.), Proceedings of the 22nd American Peptide Symposium, San Diego, CA, pp. 142-143 (2011).
  3. Hackbarth, C.L. and R.S. Hodges. Antigenic determinants of cross-reactivity in the development of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa peptide vaccine targeting the receptor binding domain of the Type IV pilus. In Peptides: Building Bridges (M. Lebl, Ed.), Proceedings of the 22nd Amercan Peptide Symposium,San Diego, CA, pp. 146-147 (2011).

2005-2009

  1. Yan, Z., K.V. Holmes and R.S. Hodges. Expression and Characterization of Recombinant S2 Subunit of SARS-coronavirus S Fusion Protein. In Peptides for Youth, Proceedings of the 20th American Peptide Symposium, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (2007). (S. Del Valle, E. Escher, W.D. Lubell, (Eds) Springer p. 153-154 (2009) and Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 611: 153-154 (2009).
  2. Kao, D. and R.S. Hodges. Development of a Monoclonal Antibody Therapeutic for the Prevention and Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection. In Understanding Biology Using Peptides: Proceedings of the 19th American Peptide Symposium. San Diego, CA (2005) (S.E. Blondelle, Ed.) Springer Science, New York, NY pp 531-532 (2006).
  3. Yan, Z., B. Tripet and R.S. Hodges. Design and Study of Novel Peptide Inhibitors against SARS-Coronavirus Spike Protein. In Understanding Biology Using Peptides: Proceedings of the 19th American Peptide Symposium. San Diego, CA (2005) (S.E. Blondelle, Ed.) Springer Science, New York, NY pp 335-337 (2006).

2000-2004

  1. Chen, Y., L.H. Kondejewski, C.M. Kay, R.T. Irvin and R.S. Hodges. Design and synthesis of prion peptidyl mimetics for the detection and purification of prion proteins. In Peptides for the New Millennium”, Proceedings of the Sixteenth American Peptide Symposium (G.B. Fields, J.P. Tam and G. Barany, Eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 713-714 (2000).

1995-1999

  1. Yang, C.M.C., W.Y. Wong, O. Hindsgual, R.T. Irvin and R.S. Hodges. Multivalent carbohydrate-linked peptides interfere with adherence of Candida albicans to asialo-GM1 receptor: Toward the design of anti-adhesin therapeutics. In Peptides: Frontiers of Peptide Science, Proceedings of the Fifteenth American Peptide Symposium (J. Tam and P. Kaumaya, Eds.) Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 557-558 (1999).
  2. Wade, D., P. Semchuk and R.S. Hodges. Synthetic Peptide Vaccine for Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. In: Peptides: Chemistry, Structure and Biology, Proceedings of the Fourteenth American Peptide Symposium (P. Kaumaya and R.S. Hodges, Eds.) Mayflower Scientific Ltd., England, pp. 796-797 (1996).
  3. Wong, W.Y., W. Paranchych, R.S. Hodges, R.T. Irvin. Mapping the adhesintope of the Pilin proteins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains PAK and KB7. Peptides: Chemistry, Structure and Biology, Proceedings of the Fourteenth American Peptide Symposium (P. Kaumaya and R.S. Hodges, Eds.) Mayflower Scientific Ltd., England, pp. 352-353 (1996).

1990-1994

  1. McInnes, C., C.M. Kay, R.S. Hodges and B.D. Sykes. Conformational differences between the cis and trans proline isomers of a synthetic antigen from the pilus of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In: Peptides: Chemistry, Structure and Biology, Proceedings of the Thirteenth American Peptide Symposium (R.S. Hodges and J.A. Smith, Eds.), Escom Science Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp.748-749 (1994).
  2. Lee, K.K., H.B. Sheth, R.T. Irvin, R.S. Hodges, W. Paranchych and O. Hindsgaul. Peptide-carbohydrate interactions: Understanding bacterial adherence to host cell receptors. In: Peptides: Chemistry, Structure and Biology, Proceedings of the Thirteenth American Peptide Symposium (R.S. Hodges and J.A. Smith, Eds.), Escom Science Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp.672-674 (1994).
  3. Wong, W.Y., H.B. Sheth, A. Holm, R.T. Irvin and R.S. Hodges. Investigation of antibody binding diversity utilizing representative combinatorial peptide libraries. In: Peptides: Chemistry, Structure and Biology, Proceedings of the Thirteenth American Peptide Symposium (R.S. Hodges and J.A. Smith, Eds.), Escom Science Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp.995-997 (1994).​

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