Cartilage loss and bone spurs in the great toe joint can make every step painful. Learn how non-operative care and surgery can restore movement.
Great toe arthritis can be caused by a number of different reasons including injury, trauma, age, or gout. In general, it is a loss of cartilage in the toe that can lead to pain, swelling, and decreased range of motion.
As the cartilage wears down, bone spurs often form on the top of the joint, making it painful to push off during walking, running, or activity. Left untreated, the joint can become progressively stiff — hence the name hallux rigidus.
Non-operative treatment is always the first line of care. Most patients can meaningfully reduce pain and preserve function with a combination of the following:
If symptoms persist despite non-operative care, several surgical options can address hallux rigidus based on the severity of arthritis and your activity goals.
A cheilectomy removes the bone spurs (dorsal osteophytes) at the top of the great toe joint. It preserves the joint and is best suited for early-to-moderate arthritis, restoring motion and reducing pain with push-off.
Before and after X-rays of a cheilectomy
Interpositional arthroplasty removes damaged cartilage and places a soft-tissue spacer between the joint surfaces. It preserves motion and can be a good middle-ground option for patients who want to avoid a fusion.
Before and after X-rays of an interpositional arthroplasty
For advanced arthritis, fusion of the great toe joint reliably eliminates pain by joining the two bones with a plate and screws. It is the most durable option and allows a return to most activities, including hiking and running.
Before and after X-rays of a great toe fusion
Schedule a consultation with Dr. Jamieson to discuss your options for treating great toe arthritis.
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