Gynecologic Cancers Overview

At CU Anschutz Gynecologic Oncology, we specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic cancers, which are caused by the spread of abnormal cells originating in female reproductive organs. These organs include the cervix, ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina, and vulva.

All individuals with female reproductive organs are at risk for these cancers, and that risk increases with age. Nearly 95,000 new diagnoses and approximately 29,000 deaths occur from gynecologic cancers in the United States each year, according to American Cancer Society estimates.

Research shows that patients experience better outcomes when they receive care first from a gynecologic oncologist, a specially trained cancer doctor. At CU Anschutz Gynecologic Oncology, our team provides expert, compassionate care tailored to each patient’s needs.

Each gynecologic cancer is unique, with different symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options.

Read more about these cancers below.

Search Gynecologic Cancers

Cervical Cancer

Prevention, Detection and Treatment

Cervical cancer is often preventable with Pap smears and the HPV vaccine. Early stages rarely show symptoms, but later signs can include abnormal bleeding or pain. Regular screening helps catch changes early, and treatments range from surgery to chemo and radiation.

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Genetic Cancer

Understanding Your Hereditary Risk

Hereditary cancers account for only 5–10% of all cancer cases, but knowing your family history can make a lifesaving difference. Learn how genetic mutations like BRCA or Lynch syndrome influence cancer risk, when to consider genetic testing, and how CU Anschutz specialists support you with advanced counseling, testing, and emerging gene‑based treatment options.
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Hereditary Gynecologic Cancer Syndromes

Understanding Your Genetic Risk for Gynecologic Cancers

Women with inherited gene mutations, like BRCA1/BRCA2 or Lynch syndrome, face significantly higher risks for cancers such as breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancer. Knowing your family history and considering genetic testing can help you understand your risk and take preventive steps early.
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Ovarian Cancers

Recognizing Symptoms & Getting Care Early

Ovarian cancer is often difficult to detect early, but knowing the signs, like persistent bloating, abdominal pain, and feeling full quickly, can make all the difference. Learn about risk factors, stages, and treatment options, including surgery and chemotherapy, from CU Anschutz Gynecologic Oncology experts.
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Primary Peritoneal Cancer

Recognizing Symptoms & Getting the Right Care Early

Primary peritoneal cancer (PPC) is rare and often hard to detect until later stages, with symptoms like abdominal discomfort, nausea, appetite loss, or frequent urination. Learn how PPC is diagnosed, its connection to ovarian cancer, and the treatment options available, from surgery to chemotherapy, through CU Anschutz Gynecologic Oncology.
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Sarcoma

Understanding a Rare but Serious Cancer

Sarcoma is a rare cancer that begins in the body’s connective tissues, including muscles, bones, nerves, and blood vessels, and can be difficult to detect early. For women, uterine sarcoma is among the most significant gynecologic forms. Symptoms often start with a painless lump or unexpected changes like abnormal bleeding.
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Uterine (Endometrial) Cancer

Know the Signs, Take Action

Uterine (endometrial) cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in the U.S. Symptoms often include abnormal or heavy bleeding, especially after menopause. Early detection leads to high survival rates, up to 96% when caught early.
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Vaginal Cancer

Vaginal cancer is rare but treatable when caught early.

Vaginal cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the vagina, the muscular tube connecting the uterus to the external genitals. Most cases originate in the vaginal lining (epithelial cells), and the disease often develops slowly over time.
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Vulvar Cancer

Early Detection Matters: Signs and Treatment Options

Vulvar cancer is a rare gynecologic cancer that affects the outer part of the female genitals. Symptoms can include persistent itching, burning, or sores, and the only definitive test is a biopsy. When detected early, it’s highly treatable—most often with surgery, sometimes combined with radiation or chemotherapy.
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Patient Stories:

Trish

Heidi

Winona

Why are clinical trials so important when treating gynecological cancers?

Learn about the innovative treatment options and research trials being offered at CU Anschutz.

Patient Stories:

Trish

Heidi

Winona

Why are clinical trials so important when treating gynecological cancers?

Learn about the innovative treatment options and research trials being offered at CU Anschutz.

CU Anschutz Gynecologic Oncology

(303) 724-2066

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